Lecce Cathedral: A Masterpiece of Italian Architecture
Introduction
In the third instalment of our Architectural Icons series, we delve into the captivating world of Giuseppe Zimbalo, a distinguished Italian architect and sculptor of the Baroque era, famously known as "Lo Zingarello" or "Tiny Gypsy." Zimbalo's remarkable contributions have left an indelible mark on the southern Italian city of Lecce. Specifically, he played a pivotal role in transforming and enhancing Lecce Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Lecce; Cattedrale dell'Assunzione della Vergine). This blog post will explore the cathedral's historical evolution, exquisite interior, and towering bell tower gracing Lecce's skyline.
Giuseppe Zimbalo: The Architect and Sculptor Extraordinaire (1620–1710)
Zimbalo, nicknamed "Tiny Gypsy," is celebrated as one of the preeminent figures in the Baroque movement within Lecce, his hometown in southern Italy. His creative genius left an indelible imprint on various architectural wonders, including the Basilica of Santa Croce and the Celestine Palace. However, it was his transformative work on Lecce Cathedral that truly shone.
Lecce Cathedral's Historical Evolution
The roots of Lecce Cathedral extend deep into history, with its initial construction dating back to 1144. Over the centuries, the cathedral underwent several repairs and alterations. However, its most significant transformation occurred between 1659 and 1682 under the skilled guidance of Giuseppe Zimbalo. Bishop Luigi Pappacoda commissioned this ambitious endeavour, forever changing the cathedral's face. Notably, the cathedral now houses the remains of Bishop Luigi Pappacoda in the altar dedicated to Saint Orontius of Lecce, the city's revered patron saint.
image by Holger Uwe Schmitt, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Interior Grandeur of Lecce Cathedral
Step inside the cathedral and the awe-inspiring grandeur of its interior will greet you. Lecce Cathedral follows a Latin cross plan with three naves elegantly divided by pilasters and columns. The crowning glory of the interior is the main altar, situated at the eastern end of the church. Here, visitors are treated to a visual feast, with the central nave and transepts adorned with a wooden ceiling featuring coffered designs dating back to 1685.
The magnificent paintings by the talented Giuseppe da Brindisi depict significant scenes such as the Preaching of Saint Orontius, Protection from the Plague, Martyrdom of Saint Orontius, and the Last Supper.
Image by Holger Uwe Schmitt, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
The Enchanting Side Chapels
Lecce Cathedral boasts twelve side chapels, each with its unique altar. These chapels are dedicated to various saints and religious events, and they feature exquisite artwork created by renowned artists such as Giuseppe da Brindisi, Oronzo Tiso, Gianserio Strafella, G. Domenico Catalano, and G. A. Coppola.
The Dazzling Main Altar of Lecce Cathedral
The main altar is a true gem within the cathedral, a masterpiece crafted from marble and gold-plated bronze. This opulent creation was brought to life under the guidance of Bishop Sersale and consecrated in 1757 by Bishop Sozi Carafa. At its heart, you will find the monumental central painting,
Palickap, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
"The Assumption of Mary" by Oronzo Tiso (1757). Flanking this masterpiece are two lateral images: "The Sacrifice of the Prophet Elias" and "Noah's Sacrifice after the Flood" (1758). The choir stalls and the bishop's chair, made from exquisite walnut, were meticulously designed by Emanuele Manieri and commissioned by Bishop Fabrizio Pignatelli in 1797.
Exploring the Baroque Crypt
The cathedral's 12th-century crypt underwent a Baroque transformation during the 16th century. This underground sanctuary features a longitudinal space that houses two Baroque chapels with captivating paintings. A corridor runs through this space, with ninety-two columns graced with intricately decorated capitals featuring human figures.
Image by Holger Uwe Schmitt, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
The Towering Bell Tower
As one gazes upon the cityscape of Lecce, one cannot miss the imposing presence of the cathedral's bell tower. It was erected between 1661 and 1662 under the watchful eye of architect Giuseppe Zimbalo at the behest of Bishop Luigi Pappacoda. This majestic structure replaced the previous Norman bell tower, which had succumbed to decay in the early 17th century. The tower's distinctive square shape rises gracefully through five tapered levels, culminating in an octagonal majolica dome adorned with an iron statue of Sant'Oronzo. Each of the top four floors has a single window on each side, enclosed by a balustrade. Latin inscriptions drawn from the writings of Giovanni Lecce Camillo Palma grace plaques positioned above the mullioned windows.
Standing tall at an impressive 72 meters, the bell tower offers panoramic vistas of the Adriatic Sea. On exceptionally clear days, one can even glimpse the majestic mountains of Albania. Due to its partly sunken foundation, the tower's subtle tilt only adds to its charm.
A Gem in the Heart of Lecce
Located in the heart of Lecce, the cathedral graces the southeast corner of the Piazza del Duomo. It boasts two entrances, one on the north and the other on the west, offering access to the vibrant square. The cathedral shares this splendid space with the imposing bell tower, the bishop's residence, and the seminary.
Image by Iacopetta, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
In Conclusion
Lecce Cathedral is a magnificent testament to the artistry and devotion of its builders and the city of Lecce itself. Its rich history, stunning architecture, and artistic treasures make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the beauty of Apulia, Italy.
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